(2) The GLOTTAL STOP is a consonantal phoneme, represented in Arabic script by the letter alif and in ROMAN transliteration by the lenis symbol (or the apostrophe'): ana I, saal he asked.
#Arabic linguist series
(1) Arabic has a series of velarized consonants, pronounced with constriction of the PHARYNX and raising of the tongue, and a group of uvular and pharyngeal fricatives that give the language a characteristic throaty sound. Classical Arabic has immense prestige and liturgical significance wherever Muslims live, but, just as there are Muslims who do not speak Arabic, so there are speakers of Arabic who are not Muslim. Classical usage is uniform throughout the Arab world, and all colloquial varieties have been influenced by it. The colloquial form consists of many vatieties that may or may not be mutually intelligible and fall into several groups: those of Arabia, Egypt, the Maghreb (North Africa west of Egypt), Iraq, and Syria. The classical or literary language includes and is based on the Arabic of the Qurān (Recitation), the text of the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad in the 7c. The Arabic language is generally described as having two forms: classical Arabic and colloquial Arabic. It was formerly a language of Europe, being spoken for some 400 years in the Iberian peninsula, and is still represented by its offshoot Maltese, which has been strongly influenced by both Italian and English. Arabic has influenced such languages of southern Europe as Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish. Because of its role as the scriptural language of Islam, it has cultural significance and linguistic influence in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines, Somalia, Turkey, various Central Asian republics and other countries where there are Muslim communities. It is the mother tongue of c.150 m people in Algeria, Bahrain, Chad, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen, as well as communities elsewhere in Asia and Africa, and immigrant communities in Europe (especially France) and the Americas. ARABIC A Semitic language of West Asia and North Africa that originated in the Arabian peninsula in the early first millennium AD.
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